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IIR document
Nitrogen refrigerators for the ITER cryogenic system.
Process control strategy for ITER central solenoid operation.
Effect of thermal and load cycle on thermal contact conductance across dissimilar joints at cryogenic temperature.
Effect of rotation on the flow behaviour in a high-speed cryogenic microturbine used in helium applications.
Challenges for the cryogenics of the UK spherical tokamak for energy production (STEP) programme.
Numerical study of unsteady flow in centrifugal cold compressor.
CO2 cooling for particle detectors: experiences from the CMS and ATLAS detector systems at the LHC, and prospects for future upgrades.
The LUCASZ CO2 cooling system at CERN and Cornell.
Simulation and validation of a CO2-based pumped loop cooling system.
Recommended by the IIR
Superconductivity & Cryogenics.
Study on mitigation of pulsed heat load for ITER cryogenic system.
Cryogenic systems, from LHC to FCC.
Modelization of the thermal coupling between the ITER TF coil conductor and the structure cooling circuit.
Dynamic simulations for preparing the acceptance test of JT-60SA cryogenic system.
Predictive 1-D thermal-hydraulic analysis of the prototype HTS current leads for the ITER correction coils.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
15 results
Changes in the use of cryogenic propellants in space
Near-term exploration beyond low Earth orbit will require the use of cryogenic propellants and in-space cryogenic propellant storage durations will exceed our current capabilities by at least two orders of magnitude. This will require the...
Recent advances in hydrogen liquefaction and storage
Several review articles present a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen supply chain. IIR members Linde and Air Liquide are contributing to address the global demand for...
Cryogenics 2021 highlights: applications of liquid nitrogen
Cryopreservation of biological materials to favour biodiversity and cooling of superconducting cables to allow transmission of electrical energy with zero resistance are key applications of liquid...
Successful test of a dilution refrigerator for quantum computers
IBM scientists have succeeded in cooling a quantum computer chip to a temperature of 25 mK using a large-scale dilution refrigerator.
ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors
Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...
Unprecedented images from the centre of our galaxy
The James Webb Space Telescope shows images of the centre of the Milky Way, thanks to its state-of-the-art infrared detectors, which need to be cryogenically cooled to operate...
A new cooling technique for superconducting cavities of particle accelerators
A team of researchers is developing a new method to cool the superconducting cavities of particle accelerators, which could make them more compact.
LHC season 3: cryogenic cooling system upgrade
The particle accelerator returned to service in 2022 after numerous improvements, including an increase in cryogenic cooling power at point 4.
CERN’s LHC on a hunt for Higgs boson
Two experiments led at CERN, ATLAS and CMS, attempt to discover data hinting at the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, a particle which is crucial to the Standard Model in physics.
Out of the ordinary: ATLAS LEGO® model
As part of an outreach project at the Niels Bohr Institute Sascha Mehlhase recently designed and built a model of the ATLAS experiment in LEGO® bricks. It illustrates all details, from the muon and magnet system to the innermost pixel...
Is this the final run in the quest for the Higgs Boson?
In March 2012, physicists from Fermilab’s Tevatron collider near Chicago announced that data collected could suggest the existence of the Higgs boson. Furthermore, the results coincide with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results released by CERN...
IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference: perspectives of cryogenic technologies for 2030
Overview of future technological advances in cryogenics: liquid hydrogen electric aircrafts, cryofuels, hydrogen chemical energy conversion, fuel cells for energy storage, cryogenic rocket engine, quantum and...
Cryogenic distillation: a promising technology for carbon capture
Cryogenic distillation is subject to intense R&D works for CO2 capture in CCS facilities. A plant using this technology is under construction in China.
LNG cold energy recovery for salmon aquaculture
A team of Korean researchersis proposing a novel application of LNG cold energy recovery for aquaculture.
Cryogenic carbon capture technologies
Cryogenic carbon capture is in the early stages of development, however, several projects have achieved a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6, for applications such as blue...
IIR news
9 results
Philippe Lebrun received the Mendelssohn Award.
Philippe Lebrun, President of the IIR’s General Conference, received the prestigious Mendelssohn Award conferred by the International Cryogenic Engineering Committee on March 11, 2016.
Member news: Linde to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computers
Linde, corporate member of the IIR, partners with Bluefors to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computing technology.
Member news: latest innovations from Mirai Intex
The company Mirai Intex has just marketed a refrigeration machine using air cycle for low temperatures. Mirai Intex also markets a mobile storage solution.
IIR member news: Linde
Linde Kryotechnik cryogenic company has developed a groundbreaking refrigeration system used to cool extreme temperatures in an experiment to create fusion fuel.
News from IIR members: Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque
During a meeting at the IIR on May 30, 2011, several persons from Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque (Dunkerque Urban Community) (a benefactor member of the IIR) presented the launching of an Institute of Low-Temperature Technology (Innocold).The...
Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.
CryoHub: EU project CryoHub is inviting cold chain companies to become ‘CryoHub Champions’
The CryoHub innovation project investigates and extends the potential of large-scale Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) and applies the stored energy for both cooling and power generation.
Highlights: IIR Statutory Meetings in June 2017
European project CryoHub presented and Air Liquide Life Science R&D Group Manager Manager presents economic issues and scientific challenges of cryogenic energy storage at the IIR Statutory Meetings in June 2017.
Press release: An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
First held in 1908, the International Congress of Refrigeration presented by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is now the world’s leading event for research and industry in the HVACR sector, cryogenics included.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
2 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
