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Chapter 2. Postharvest Losses and Waste

• Author(s) : YAHIA E. M., FONSECA J. M., KITINOJA L.
• Publication date: 2019
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold chain, Post harvest loss, Economy, Statistics, Fruit, Vegetable, Horticulture

IIR document

Refrigeration to prevent food losses.

• Author(s) : WIDELL K. N., RAJ DHAKAL P., THAKUR M., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Food, Cold chain, China, Harvesting, Loss, India, Case study, Environment, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Theoretical losses in a storage tank in a conventional ASU.

• Author(s) : NAGAL V.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Oxygen, Cryotank, Argon, Air, Storage, Separation, Loss, India, Cryogenics
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Loss analysis of rotating spool compressor based on high-speed pressure measurements.

• Author(s) : BRADSHAW C. R., KEMP G., OROSZ J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Friction, Prototype, Loss, Leakage, Compression, Rotary compressor
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 22nd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis of an active magnetic refrigeration system with external loss mechanisms.

• Author(s) : NIKNIA I., TREVIZOLI P. V., GOVINDAPPA P., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Magnetocaloric cooling, Loss, Performance, Magnetocaloric effect
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Integral and differential model of hermetical compressor heat losses including experimental validation.

• Author(s) : GOOSSENS M., RIVIERE P., CAURET O., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Temperature, Heat loss, Modelling, Expérimentation, Hermetic compressor
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 23^rd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Food losses during refrigerated transport: a socio-economic analysis.

• Author(s) : CAPO C., CAVALIER G., MERDJI M.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : France, Food, Cold chain, Measurement, Refrigerated transport, Temperature, Loss, Survey, Cost
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The modified frictional loss efficiency correlation in an ejector 1-D numerical model.

• Author(s) : QI Z. G.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Geometry, Friction, Efficiency, Simulation, Loss, Ejector
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Empirical indicated loss analysis of a semi-hermetic light-commercial spool compressor.

• Author(s) : YARBOROUGH S., BRADSHAW C. R., OROSZ J., KEMP G.
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Semihermetic compressor, Prototype, Expérimentation, Loss, Calculation, Thermodynamic property
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 131
• Formats : PDF

Experiment on a measurement method for drift loss of cooling tower.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHANG L., CHEN Y., ZHANG L. W., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Measurement, Cooling tower, Loss, Expérimentation, Flow, Water
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 44 - n. 293
• Formats : PDF

A numerical friction loss analysis of the journal bearing in a hermetic reciprocating compressor.

• Author(s) : POSCH S., HOPFGARTNER J., HEIMEL M., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Friction, Bearing, Simulation, Loss, Hermetic compressor, Reciprocating compressor
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 23^rd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Verification of a simple product weight loss model for refrigerated storage of foods.

• Author(s) : PHIMOLSIRIPOL Y., LOVE R. J., CLELAND D. J.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Chilled food, Heat transfer, Weight loss, Model, Evaporation, Cold storage
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimizing combined cryogenic and conventional freezing with respect to mass loss and energy criteria.

• Author(s) : ROUAUD O., LE BAIL A.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food, Energy consumption, Weight loss, Optimization, Model, Cryogenics, Freezing
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

An approach to detach the thermodynamic losses of a reciprocating compressor.

• Author(s) : SILVA E., DUTRA T.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Reciprocating compressor, Simulation, Modelling, Equation of state, Case study, Thermodynamic property, Loss, Efficiency
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 25^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of PET insulator layers on the conduction losses of plate active magnetic regenerators.

• Author(s) : MUGICA I., PONCET S., BOUCHARD J.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetocaloric cooling, Regenerator, Plate, Heat loss, Modelling, Gadolinium, Insulation
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: NO-LOSS Campaign

IRHACE (Institute of Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers of New Zealand) has set up a NO-LOSS campaign designed for technicians, engineers and stakeholders and involving use of comprehensive packs. The knowledge and skills...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Brief: A stop to weight loss!

Although spraying of refrigerated meat produce throughout transportation has been in operation for over 20 years, water loss continues to be a problem during the second phase of refrigeration in the cold chamber. However, if the entire enclosure...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Food cold chain: improving temperature control to reduce loss

Recent review articles provide an update on technologies to monitor temperature in the food cold chain, in order to avoid food loss during transport and...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Scalp cooling device: prevent hair loss caused by chemotherapy.

Scalp cooling device may help reduce hair loss for women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.

• Publication date : 2017/02/21

Reducing post-harvest food losses in sub-Saharan Africa 

To strengthen the cold chain for fruit and vegetables in sub-Saharan Africa, sustainable measures and the use of precooling are recommended in a review article. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Developing country

Thin Ice: the very first weight loss clothing line

According to its creator, refrigerated clothes 'hacks' human metabolism to trick the body into burning up to 1,000 extra calories a day.

• Publication date : 2015/09/07

India: increased investment in the cold chain could reduce food losses and cut CO2 emissions.

Roughly 18% of fruits and vegetables are wasted each year due to the lack of post-harvest storage infrastructure.

• Publication date : 2017/03/14

Briefs: Danfoss

Danfoss has won the 2004 AHR Expo Innovation Award in the refrigeration category for its TN hermetic compressor for CO2. The Innovation Awards, jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and ARI, are designed to encourage innovation and recognise significant...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Briefs: Danfoss

Niels B. Christiansen has been promoted to Vice Chief Executive Officer of the Danfoss Group. Frederik Lotz has been appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The President (CEO), Jørgen M. Clausen, intends to strengthen his...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Out of the ordinary: Microcebus danfossi

Danfoss has given its name to a lemur species recently discovered in Madagascar by researchers from the veterinary college Tierärztliche Hochschule (TiHo), in Hanover, Germany. The tiny (30-60 g) lemur is named Microcebus danfossi after Danfoss -...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Brief: Danfoss A/S and Turbocor Inc.

Denmark-based Danfoss A/S and Canada-based Turbocor Inc. recently announced the setting up of a 50/50 joint-venture to be named Danfoss Turbocor Compressors Inc. This agreement will enable this joint-venture company to provide the market with...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

IIR Member news: A new Application Development center launched by Danfoss in China

Danfoss has inaugurated a new Application Development Center (ADC) for its cooling business in Haiyan, China

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

IIR member news: Danfoss inaugurates its new test lab for flammable refrigerants in France

Danfoss inaugurated the new extension of its test lab located in Trevoux, in France. It will enable the company to increase their capacity to test air conditioning and refrigeration compressors containing alternative flammable refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2018/10/23

Danfoss white paper on the global trends within refrigerants in refrigeration and air conditioning

Danfoss international group of experts made a projection on the refrigerant outlook within the main sectors and regions.

• Publication date : 2016/07/11

Briefs: Open units or with glass doors?

When glass doors are used in refrigeration units, the energy savings are as a rule indicated as being "up to" 40%. Very often these figures are based on experience in a typical climate (25°C and 60% air humidity) with standard opening frequencies...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2

Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

IIR member news: Danfoss

Overview of the key global trends in refrigerants in Danfoss new report.

• Publication date : 2014/11/21
• Subjects: Environment

Member news: Latest news from Danfoss

Danfoss is improving its range of electric expansion valves and has started construction of an energy-efficient supermarket. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

News from IIR members: Danfoss

A pleasant indoor climate and no energy costs. This is what it feels like to live in the Zero+ house - the first home in Denmark that produces more power than is actually consumed. The house supplies its own heating and electricity and generates...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

News from IIR members: Danfoss

Danfoss was chosen by Sainsbury’s and Netto to facilitate the conversion of their stores to CO2 as part of their ambition to drastically reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Danfoss has 10 years’ experience in the...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

News from IIR members: Danfoss

Danfoss won the 2009 AHR Exposition Refrigeration Innovation Award. The honoured product is a newly developed energy-saving variable frequency drive for compressors, pumps, and fans. In refrigeration applications, the AKD 102 constantly matches...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Member news: Danfoss is committed to reducing food waste

The Salling Group and Danfoss are working with Microsoft to reduce food waste and energy consumption in retail refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/17
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

News from IIR members: Danfoss & LOGSTOR

Danfoss and LOGSTOR establish alliance to market and offer energy-efficient district cooling solutions. They have now joined forces to apply their technologies and expertise in the district cooling sector. Together with selected industry partners...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa

A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses

• Publication date : 2016/02/17

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

Participation of the IIR in the 31st Meeting of the Parties (MOP 31)

The 31st Meeting of the Parties (MOP 31) took place on November 4-8, 2019 in Italy at FAO headquarters. The Rome declaration on the reduction of food losses was signed.

• Publication date : 2019/11/29
• Subjects: Regulation, General information, Environment

IJR editorial: The cop on climate change: a growing presence of refrigeration issues to be consolidated

The Conference of the Parties on climate change was held in Sharm-El-Sheikh (Egypt) from Sunday 6 November to Sunday 20 November 2022. Generally speaking, this COP did not result in the decisions and actions...

• Publication date : 2023/01/23
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note: The Role of Refrigeration in Worldwide Nutrition

In line with its corporate objective to promote knowledge of refrigeration and associated technologies and applications on a global scale, the IIR has published a new Informatory Note on “The Role of Refrigeration in Worldwide...

• Publication date : 2020/04/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Regulation, Technology, Developing country, General information, Environment

News from IIR members: Sofrigam

The number of drugs (e.g. targeted therapies, new vaccines, anti-diabetic drugs and blood derivatives) transported and kept at a controlled temperature is growing rapidly and these products are increasingly sensitive to temperature variations. In...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

New IIR Informatory Note

The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note, The Role of Refrigeration in Worldwide Nutrition, prepared by Jean-Luc Dupont and reviewed by Silvia Estrada-Flores, David Tanner, Don Cleland, Gerald Cavalier and Robert Heap. It presents an overview of...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams