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A numerical modelling study on submerged condensers for heat pump water heaters using low-GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : ZHANG M., SHEN B.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Propane, Domestic heat pump, Water heater, Modelling, Low GWP, Simulation, CFD, R290
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

AHRI low global warming potential alternative refrigerants evaluation program (Low-GWP AREP) – Summary of phase I testing results.

• Author(s) : WANG X., AMRANE K.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air conditioner, Chiller, Substitute, Heat pump, Performance, GWP, Testing, Refrigerant
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Sviluppo di chillers a basso GWP.

Development of low GWP chillers.

• Author(s) : ACHAICHIA N., MATTEO G.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : R1234yf, Low pressure, Low GWP, Chiller, R1234ze, Development
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 40 - n.403
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic properties of low-GWP alternative refrigerants.

• Author(s) : FUKUSHIMA M., HAYAMIZU H., HASHIMOTO M.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low GWP, Thermodynamic property, Substitute, Expérimentation, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Sviluppi sullo scambio termico con refrigeranti a basso-GWP.

Developments on heat exchange with low GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : AZZOLIN M., BORTOLIN S., CAVALLINI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Low GWP, R32, R290, R1234ze(E), Propane, HFO, Expérimentation, Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 41 - n.408
• Formats : PDF

POE lubricant candidates for low GWP Refrigerants.

• Author(s) : CHEN Y. K., HUNG J-T., TANG H-H., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solubility, Polyolester, Lubricant, Low GWP, Miscibility, HFO, Refrigerant
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Safety related properties of low-GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : ASKAR E., SCHRODER V., GÖPFERT T., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Safety, Calculation, Low GWP, R32, Flammability, Explosion, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A thermodynamic analysis of refrigerants: possibilities and tradeoffs for low-GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : MCLINDEN M. O., KAZAKOV A. F., BROWN J. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mechanical vapour compression, Low GWP, Thermodynamic property, GWP, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 38
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low-GWP halocarbon refrigerants: a review of thermophysical properties.

• Author(s) : FEDELE L., BOBBO S., DI NICOLA G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Low GWP, Review, Substitute, HFO, HFC
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low GWP drop-in alternative refrigerants for low-temperature transport refrigerators with eutectic refrigerating systems.

• Author(s) : VAITKUS L., BALCIUS A.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Drop-in, Low GWP, R452A, R448a, R442a, Low temperature, Testing, Eutectic, Commercial refrigerator
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain Online. Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

Charging and recovery techniques for low GWP refrigerant blends.

• Author(s) : MACNEILL M. L., SEETON C. J., LOW R. E.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : High pressure, Mixture, R473A, Low GWP, Design, R744, Recovery
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Hot surface ignition testing of low GWP 2L refrigerants.

• Author(s) : KOBAN M., MINOR B., COUGHLAN P., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Velocity (fluids, gases), Fire, Low GWP, Flammability, Testing, Refrigerant
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Disproportionation risk study for trifluoroethylene composition as low-GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : OKAMOTO H., OTSUKA T., HAYAMIZU H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Safety, Low GWP, , HFO, Explosion, Expérimentation, Air conditioning
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Disproportionation risk study for trifluoroethylene composition as low-GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : OKAMOTO H., OTSUKA T., HAYAMIZU H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Safety, Low GWP, , HFO, Explosion, Expérimentation, Air conditioning
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low GWP refrigerant R454A for commercial refrigeration.

• Author(s) : FLOHR F., ARIMOTO H., OHKUBO S.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Safety, Low GWP, R454A, R404A, Substitute, Flammability, HFO, Energy efficiency
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Low-GWP alternatives in refrigerated transport

An EPA fact sheet provides full details on alternatives to HFCs: R744, R717, hydrocarbons and HFOs, and describes alternative technologies: cryogenic systems, secondary loop systems, eutectic plates, hermetic and semi-hermetic vapour-compression...

• Publication date : 2012/04/19

European Union: insufficient training on low-GWP refrigerants

Within the context of the revision of the EU F-gas Regulation that could include measures in favour of decreased use of HFCs in refrigerating equipment, AREA sought an overview of the availability and level of training regarding low-GWP and in...

• Publication date : 2012/05/03

AHRI launches a low-GWP alternative refrigerant evaluation programme

In response to environmental concerns raised by the use of high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) is launching an industry-wide cooperative research program to identify...

• Publication date : 2011/06/08

New low-GWP refrigerants popping up

Asahi Glass and DuPont recently announced the development of new low-GWP alternative refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2014/08/07

Further tests on low GWP refrigerants

The Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) is going to launch a second phase of its low GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP).

• Publication date : 2014/02/10

Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning

A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

IJR highlights: review of low-GWP alternative refrigerants

In a recent review article based on over 60 published studies and published in the International Journal of Refrigeration, Chinese researchers have compared nearly 40 alternative low-GWP refrigerants in terms of...

• Publication date : 2021/06/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Alternative low-GWP refrigerants for transport refrigeration.

Summary of a paper presented during the 12th IIR Gustave Lorentzen conference on Natural refrigerant, available in Fridoc.

• Publication date : 2017/02/08

A new organisation offers advice on low GWP solutions

Six refrigerant manufacturers regrouped to create GlobalFACT, a resource for information on the latest news, research and improvements in advanced technologies and low GWP refrigeration solutions.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18
• Subjects: Environment

A low-GWP cooling system for the Eiffel Tower

The ageing R407C cooling system in the tower’s west pillar has been replaced with an energy efficient system using low GWP R1234ze(E).

• Publication date : 2022/04/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Performance test results of alternative low-GWP refrigerants to R410A

Emerson Climate Technologies has published the results of drop-in tests of new low GWP refrigerants, L41b and DR5, in a R410A scroll compressor.

• Publication date : 2014/06/18

Low GWP refrigerants for Olympic ice rinks in China

For the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing, nine ice rinks are used. five use CO2 as a  refrigerant, and four use R449A. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems

A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.

• Publication date : 2015/12/06

AREA new guide on training and certification on low GWP refrigerants.

AREA, Air conditioning and Refrigeration European Association, has published its Guidance on minimum requirements for contractors' training & certification on low GWP refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2014/12/16

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) updates its list of low GWP refrigerants

The US EPA has added new lower GWP refrigerants and expanded the acceptable uses of others in its latest changes to the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) programme.

• Publication date : 2017/08/24
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook

The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Submit your abstracts to the 3rd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends

To be organised by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), the call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs has now been launched. Submit...

• Publication date : 2022/04/25
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology, Environment

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration

After a year’s research project into low GWP cooling, Star Refrigeration proposes a new chiller using R1234ze.

• Publication date : 2014/02/03

MOPIA joins the REAL Alternatives project

REAL Alternatives, the international programme for low GWP alternatives training for technicians, is delighted to announce that MOPIA, the Manitoba Ozone Protection Industry Association, has joined the...

• Publication date : 2021/03/03
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.

• Publication date : 2021/03/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology

News from IIR members: ARTI

ARTI, the research arm of AHRI (the Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute), has contracted with a consulting firm in order to review the regulatory barriers and issues concerning low-GWP refrigerants including CO2, ammonia and...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 34

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 34th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-34) in Montréal, Canada (octobre 31 –...

• Publication date : 2022/12/12
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 27

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 27th Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 27) in Charm...

• Publication date : 2022/12/12
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment

The First Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants unveils its programme

The Institute of Refrigeration (IOR) has just released the programme for the Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants to take place in Birmingham from the 2nd to the 5th of September 2018.

• Publication date : 2018/08/02
• Subjects: Regulation

Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning 

 Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.  

• Publication date : 2023/12/20

Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs

Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/04/29
• Subjects: Regulation

IC2015 Workshops: An opportunity to join, share and build together

ICR2015: A chance to actively participate in the innovation of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2015/06/17

Call for abstracts ends December 20 - IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

Authors are invited to send in submissions to the 6th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants (TPTPR 2021).

• Publication date : 2020/12/08
• Subjects: Technology

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams