Search results

IIR document

Model-based prediction and experimental verification of eutectic PCM.

• Author(s) : SCHMIT H., RATHGEBER C., SUN C. L., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/05/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Eutectic, Salt (generic), PCM, Modelling, Hydrate, Expérimentation
• Source: 12^th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Orford, Canada, May 21-23, 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Melting of PCM: correlations for natural convection onset.

• Author(s) : AZAD M., GROULX D., DONALDSON A.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Melting, PCM, Free convection, Expérimentation, Thermodynamic property, Tube, Calculation
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Development of PCM based packaging material for thermal buffering.

• Author(s) : SINGH K., CHATTOPADHYAY P., VENNAPUSA J. R.
• Publication date: 2018/05/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food application, Activated carbon, PCM, India, Expérimentation, Packaging
• Source: 12^th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Orford, Canada, May 21-23, 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Organic PCM thermal storage.

• Author(s) : FEO D., ZILIO C., MANCIN S.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal energy storage, Heating, Organic compound, PCM, Domestic heat pump, Building, Expérimentation, Photovoltaic panel, Energy consumption, Energy efficiency
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical modelling of a PCM embedded in periodic structures.

• Author(s) : CALATI M., GUARDA D., RIGHETTI G., ZILIO C., LONGO G. A., MANCIN S.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : PCM, Thermal energy storage, Simulation, Modelling, Thermodynamic property, Equation of state
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Phase Change Materials (PCM) in temperature-controlled containers.

• Author(s) : KACIMI A., LABRANQUE G.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy storage, Performance, PCM, Material, Testing, Refrigerated container, Change of phase
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Heat transfer coefficients during laminar flow of microencapsulated PCM fluid.

• Author(s) : BIALKO B., NALEPA B., HALON T., ZAJACZKOWSKI B.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : PCM, Heat transfer coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Encapsulation, Expérimentation, Flow rate
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Nano-PCM storage with finned elliptical cross-section channels.

• Author(s) : KAZEMI MOGHADAM H., MOUSAVI AJAROSTAGHI S. S., PONCET S.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : PCM, Nanoparticle, Heat transfer, Simulation, Modelling, Thermal conductivity, Channel, Finned tube
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study on the effect of nanoparticle dispersion on the melting of PCM in hemicylindrical cell.

• Author(s) : DHAIDAN N. S., AL-JETHELAH M.
• Publication date: 2018/05/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Simulation, PCM, Nanoparticle, Melting
• Source: 12^th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Orford, Canada, May 21-23, 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

How to measure the melting enthalpy of semicongruently melting salt hydrate PCM.

• Author(s) : SCHMIT H., RUDALEVICIENE D., RATHGEBER C., HIEBLER S.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : PCM, Hydrate slurry, Melting, Enthalpy, Salt (generic), Calorimetry, Expérimentation, Measurement
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Preparation and performance of form-stable TBAB hydrate/SiO2 composite PCM for cold energy storage.

• Author(s) : ZOU T., FU W., LIANG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air conditioner, Supercooling, Energy storage, Performance, PCM, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 101
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical model calibration for composite-PCM LTES.

• Author(s) : NALDI C., DONGELLINI M., SALVI F., SILVESTRINI M., FALCONE M., MORINI G. L.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : PCM, Foam, Porous medium, Conduction, Thermal conductivity, Composite, Expérimentation, Modelling, Thermal property, Simulation
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

Analysis of TES with PCM (Solid/Liquid) integrated in a residential system.

• Author(s) : MA Z.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, Compression system, Energy storage, Heat pump, Performance, PCM, Modelling
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study on portable air-conditioning system with enhanced PCM condenser.

• Author(s) : QIAO Y., MALLOW A., MUEHLBAUER J., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Individual cooling, Heat transfer, Thermosyphon, PCM, Expérimentation, COP, Air conditioning, Condenser
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical study of PCM based TMS for Li-Ion cells.

• Author(s) : GUARDA D., CALATI M., DELGADO W., LANDINI S, WASER R., STAMATIOU A., O'DONOVAN S., MANCIN S.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Lithium, Battery, Thermal energy storage, PCM, Simulation, Modelling, Cycle, Melting, Solidification, Optimization
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

Promising performances for a PCM used in refrigerated transport

British and Chinese scientists collaborated to develop a refrigerated container which can keep the inside temperature between 5 and 12°C for up to 120 hours.

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

The expansion of refrigeration applications of Thermal Energy Storage and PCMs

Based on a selection of papers from two recent IIR conferences, overview of thermal energy storage and PCM applications in the fields of refrigerated transport, display cabinets, fishing vessels, food processing...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

PCMs to reduce energy consumption in buildings

A recent review article describes the principles of latent heat thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs), and their applications to improve thermal performance in the building...

• Publication date : 2021/04/22
• Subjects: Technology

Heat exchanger design can improve the performance of PCMs

According to a recent review article, optimising the design of heat exchangers in latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) is one way of improving the thermal conductivity of phase change materials...

• Publication date : 2021/02/12
• Subjects: Technology

PCMs to keep superchilled temperatures in consumer packages

Consumer packages may be placed at +15 °C for 25-40 min longer thanks to the PCM

• Publication date : 2014/09/15

Investigating PCMs in display cabinets

The test results showed that up to 5% energy savings and lower cabinet temperatures could be achieved. (Paper presented during the 3rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain in London, UK, in June 2014)

• Publication date : 2014/09/11

PCMs and ice slurries: PCMs: two recent applications

Phase-change materials (PCMs) can provide thermal storage which means that they can absorb thermal energy when they solidify and release it when they melt. This can be very useful to dampen temperature swings. PCMs are usually water-based and are...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

PCM2016 conference: TBAB hydrate slurry based latent heat thermal storage system

Combining latent heat thermal storage with night time generation of TBAB hydrate slurry can significantly reduce the investment cost of systems for cooling purposes.

• Publication date : 2016/07/08

PCM2016 highlights: The supercooled water method: a promising technique for ice slurry generation

The following summary refers to a paper presented during the 11th Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM2016) IIR conference which took place on May 18-20 in Karlsruhe, Germany. This paper can be downloaded...

• Publication date : 2016/09/14

PCMs and ice slurries: Broccoli preservation with ice slurry

Preserving the quality of extremely perishable vegetables such as broccoli is dependent on rapid and thorough cooling immediately after harvest and maintaining at a low temperature during storage or processing. The lower the storage temperature...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

PCM thermal energy storage for indoor environments

During the IIR PCM 2018 conference which took place on May 21-23 in Orford, Canada, numerous applications of phase-change materials (PCMs) and slurries were presented, including in commercial refrigeration (refrigerated display cabinets), domestic...

• Publication date : 2018/06/22

Incorporating PCMs in buildings material for energy conservation

The incorporation of PCMs in building materials is particularly interesting since it permits thermal storage to become a part of the building structure and is completely passive.

• Publication date : 2014/04/09

IPCC/TEAP Special Report

The Summary for Policy Makers of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)/ Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Special Report "Safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system: issues related to hydrofluorocarbons...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Climate change issues: IPCC Report 2007

The IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007, which was released in May 2007, provides very valuable figures on greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, including those of fluorinated gases (CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs) used in refrigeration. - In 2004, the...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Briefs: IPCC/TEAP Special Report on Ozone and Climate

The 8th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 14th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol invited the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Technology and...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

PCM 2018

Review of the 12th IIR International Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM 2018).

• Publication date : 2018/06/22

Call for abstracts ends December 20 - IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries

The call for abstracts to the 13th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM 2021) is now open.

• Publication date : 2020/12/08
• Subjects: Technology

Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment

Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.

• Publication date : 2015/05/15

Past events: September and October 2021

Focus on the latest events involving the IIR. 

• Publication date : 2021/10/25

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2016/03/02

What’s on the IIR’s 2024 conference calendar?

The IIR calendar for 2024 features a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes such as the cold chain, natural refrigerants, compressor technologies and much more! 

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

Check out the upcoming cutting edge IIR events for 2016

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events.

• Publication date : 2015/12/16

See what's in our events calendar for 2016!

ICR2015 may be over, but the IIR’s conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/09/02

Check out the latest news from FRISBEE!

In this issue two hot topics: the test carried out to increase refrigerator performance and field test monitoring of the food cold chain in European markets.

• Publication date : 2014/03/10

Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress

An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!

The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Discover the IIR Conference papers from 2021

Thanks to the support of its international network, last year, the IIR organised a staggering seven conferences dedicated to key themes of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2022/04/04
• Subjects: General information

Upcoming IIR events: Dinan

Register on line for the 7th Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries, September 13-15, 2006 in Dinan, France. Themes: thermophysical properties of PCMs and slurries: measurements and identification; transport phenomena of phase-change...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Upcoming IIR Conference: Dinan (2006)

A call for papers has been launched for the 7th Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries, September 13-15, 2006 in Dinan, France. Themes: thermophysical properties of PCMs and Slurries: measurements and identification; transport phenomena...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

International events: Karlsruhe

The 8th IIR Conference on Phase-change Materials (PCMs) and Slurries took place in Karlsruhe, Germany, on June 3-5, 2009 and brought together 58 participants. It provided overviews of phase-change materials (PCMs) and slurries along with their...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams